• Estimated losses: About $9 billion in fines

The Libor scandal broke in the middle of 2012, when Barclays (BCS) admitted manipulating interest rate benchmarks that are used to price trillions of dollars of financial products around the world.

Barclays and other big banks have paid hefty penalties for their role in the scandal, which so far has cost the industry about $9 billion.

Tom Hayes, the first banker to be tried in connection with the global conspiracy to rig interest rates, was sentenced to 14 years in jail in August.

Related: EU fines banks record $2.3B over Libor

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